Immune Deficiencies

Evidence  

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4127958/ 

Christopher J Pavlovski 

Development of the neonatal immune system is an important health issue, implicated in many childhood problems such as allergies, infection, and autoimmunity. Newborn infants have a limited immune system and ability to combat bacteria. Premature and low birth weight infants have immature immune systems. 

Education 

At birth your child would have had a Newborn Screening test, this may have detected some genetic, metabolic and congenital disorders that may not be apparent at birth but could lead to serious health problems if left untreated.  

Immune deficiencies in the Early Years refer to conditions where a child's immune system is weakened or compromised, making them more susceptible to infections and illnesses. The immune system is responsible for protecting the body against harmful pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and fungi. When the immune system is not functioning properly, it cannot effectively fight off these invaders, leading to recurrent infections and other health problems. 

There are several types of immune deficiencies, including.  

• Primary immunodeficiencies (present at birth due to genetic factors)  

• Secondary immunodeficiencies (due to other causes) 

Some children may have specific immune deficiencies that affect certain components of their immune system, such as antibody deficiencies or cellular immune deficiencies. 

Symptoms of immune deficiencies in the early years can vary but often include: 

• Frequent and persistent infections, such as ear infections, sinus infections, pneumonia, or skin infections. 

• Delayed growth and development. 

• Failure to thrive. 

• Recurrent diarrhea or gastrointestinal issues. 

• Chronic or persistent thrush (yeast infections). 

• Unexplained fevers. 

• Skin rashes or eczema. 

• Autoimmune disorders. 

Diagnosing immune deficiencies typically involves a thorough exam by a paediatrician and an immunologist. This may include blood tests to assess immune function, genetic testing for suspected primary immunodeficiencies and other specialised tests based on the specific symptoms and suspected condition. 

Treatment for immune deficiencies in the early years aims to support and strengthen the immune system. This may include: 

• Antibiotic therapy to treat infections. 

• Immunoglobulin replacement therapy to provide antibodies that the body is not producing. 

• Medications to modulate immune function. 

• Lifestyle and dietary changes to promote overall health and immune function. 

• Vaccinations to prevent certain infections. 

Empowerment 

It is important for families of children with immune deficiencies to work closely with healthcare providers to develop a comprehensive management plan. This may involve regular monitoring, specialised care, and education on infection prevention strategies.  

Support for parents whose child has an immune deficiency is essential for navigating the challenges associated with these conditions. Here are some ways you can seek support and assistance: 

• Establish a strong relationship with a paediatric immunologist or specialist who can provide guidance, answer questions and coordinate your child's care. They can offer detailed information about the specific immune deficiency and its management. 

• Join a support groups or online community for parents of children with immune deficiencies can be valuable. These groups provide a platform to connect with other parents facing similar challenges, share experiences, and exchange practical advice. 

Miracle Babies Foundation offers Nurture Group for families of children born premature or sick – https://www.miraclebabies.org.au/content/nurturegroup/gk5p54 

• Educate yourself about your child's condition. Reliable sources of information include reputable medical websites, patient advocacy organisations, and informational materials provided by healthcare professionals. 

• Managing a child's chronic illness can be emotionally taxing. Consider seeking counselling or therapy to cope with stress, anxiety, or feelings of isolation. Many hospitals offer support services for families dealing with chronic conditions. 

• Explore local resources such as community organisations, charities, or nonprofit groups that support families with children who have chronic illnesses. These organisations may offer financial assistance, respite care, or educational programs. 

• Work with healthcare providers to develop a comprehensive care plan tailored to your child's needs. This may involve scheduling regular check-ups, coordinating therapies or treatments, and monitoring progress. 

• Lean on family and friends for emotional support and practical help. Communicate openly about your child's condition and how others can assist you during challenging times. 

• Prioritise self-care to maintain physical and emotional well-being. Allow yourself time for relaxation, hobbies, and activities that bring joy and alleviate stress. 

By proactively seeking support and resources, parents can better navigate the complexities of raising a child with an immune deficiency and ensure their child receives the best possible care and quality of life. 

Useful Links 

Special thanks to Immune Deficiencies Foundation Australia for content sharing and providing support for families.  

Immune Deficiencies Foundation Australia 

https://www.idfa.org.au/ 

Immune Deficiency Foundation 

https://www.immunodeficiency.com.au/ 

The Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA) 

https://nationalimmunodeficiencystrategy.org.au/ 

Pregnancy Birth and Baby 

https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/how-your-babys-immune-system-develops 

Need support? NurtureConnect allows you to connect with our NurtureProgram support team, or call our 24 hour NurtureLine 1300 622 243 or join our Facebook community.

NurtureConnect