Apnoea of Prematurity

Evidence  

https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/137/1/e20153757/52845/Apnea-of-Prematurity 

Eric C. Eichenwald, MD; Kristi L. Watterberg, MD; Susan Aucott, MD; William E. Benitz, MD; James J. Cummings, MD; Jay Goldsmith, MD; Brenda B. Poindexter, MD; Karen Puopolo, MD; Dan L. Stewart, MD; Kasper S. Wang, MD 

Apnoea of prematurity is one of the most common diagnoses in the NICU. Despite the frequency of apnoea of prematurity, it is unknown whether recurrent apnoea, bradycardia, and hypoxemia in preterm infants are harmful. Limited data suggest that the total number of days with apnoea and resolution of episodes at more than 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age (PMA) are associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants. However, it is difficult to separate any potential adverse effects of apnoea from the degree of immaturity at birth, because the incidence of apnoea is inversely proportional to gestational age. 

Education 

What is Apnoea of Prematurity?  

Apnoea of prematurity happens when a baby stops breathing for a short time. The breathing control part of the brain is not fully developed and is common in babies who are born too early (premature).   

A baby with apnoea might:   

- Stop breathing for 20 seconds or more   

- Have a slower heart rate (<100 beats per minute)  

- Look pale or blue   

This can look scary, but it is something many premature babies go through.   

Why Does It Happen? 

Premature babies are still learning how to breathe on their own. Their brain and lungs are not fully developed yet. Sometimes, the brain “forgets” to signal the body to breathe.  

It is not your fault and it is not caused by anything you did during pregnancy. 

How is it Treated?  

In hospital, the healthcare team watches your baby closely. They use machines to check breathing and heart rate all the time.   

Treatment may include:   

- Gentle touching or rubbing to help baby breathe again 

- Kangaroo mother care   

- Medicine (like caffeine) to stimulate the brain to send breathing signals   

- A machine called CPAP to help your baby keep breathing   

Empowerment 

The good news is that most babies grow out of apnoea as they get older and stronger.   

It usually stops around the time your baby would have been full-term (around 37 to 40 weeks of pregnancy).   

Your baby’s healthcare team will make sure your baby is safe and ready before going home. 

Remember you are not alone. Many families go through this when their baby is born early. Here are some helpful tips: 

• Ask your baby’s doctor or nurse to explain what’s happening – it’s okay to ask as many questions as you need.   

• You can still bond with your baby. Touch, talk, and cuddle when it’s safe. Your love helps your baby feel calm and strong.   

• Celebrate small steps. Every day your baby grows, they are getting closer to going home. 

Useful Links  

What is Apnoea of Prematurity? Youtube video 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fTSZvHFb5gs 

Kids Health 

https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/aop.html